Research studies the same groups of participants over time

This study represents the first large-scale study to systematically collect electronic data from a national sample of recovery community organizations and to examine whether service utilization is associated with potential improvement in recovery capital over time. Scientific research can help test whether these peer-based services help individuals navigate recovery challenges and reach recovery goals as intended. Because white, urban-residing researchers are overrepresented in psychology, the questions they ask and the people they include in their studies are often shaped by their culture.Study of recovery community organization participants over time shows peer-based recovery support activities are associated with modest improvement in recovery capitalДЄmong their multiple functions, recovery community organizations deliver peer-based services to individuals in recovery, often via recovery community centers. Lew-Williams noted that baby talk and song вЂњseems to provide an on-ramp for language learningвЂќ but that вЂњthere are some cultures where adults donвЂ™t talk as often to kids - and where they talk a lot to them.вЂќ Theoretical consistency, while nice, he said, runs the risk of вЂњwashing over the richness and texture of cultures.вЂќДЄn increasingly popular joke among academics holds that the study of psychology is actually the study of American college undergraduates.

вЂњThat was a risky assumption,вЂќ said Casey Lew-Williams, a psychologist and director of the Baby Lab at Princeton University who did not contribute to the new study. Mehr said.Д«ut in making these arguments, scientists, mostly in Western, developed countries, have largely assumed that parents across cultures modify their voices to talk to infants. вЂњYou can push air through your vocal tract, create these tones and rhythms, and itвЂ™s like giving the baby an analgesic,вЂќ Dr. Also, lullabies can soothe a crying infant, and a higher pitched voice can hold their attention better. As Samuel Mehr, a psychologist and director of The Music Lab at Haskins Laboratories who conceived the new study, noted, solitary human babies are вЂњreally bad at their job of staying alive.вЂќ The strange things we do with our voices when staring at a newborn not only help us survive but teach language and communication.ДЇor instance, parentese can help some infants remember words better, and it allows them to piece together sounds with mouth shapes, which gives sense to the chaos around them. Scientists have long argued that the sounds humans make with their babies serve a number of important developmental and evolutionary functions. So it might not be surprising that human noises also carry a commonly recognizable emotional valence. Such sounds display similarities between species: A human listener can distinguish between happy and sad noises made by animals, from chickadees and alligators to pigs and pandas. Sound is used throughout the animal kingdom to convey emotion and signal information, including incoming danger and sexual attraction.

Research studies the same groups of participants over time